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Microarray evidence that 8‑cell human embryos express some hormone family members including oxytocin

Abstract Objective This study is to discover hormone pathways active in early cleaving human embryos. Methods A list of 152 hormones and receptors were compiled to query the microarray database of mRNAs in 8-cell human embryos, two lines of human embryonic stem cells plus human fibroblasts before and after induced pluripotency. Results Over half of the…

What is an Embryo?

Most scientific and medical advances are accompanied by new terms to describe the new processes. Unfortunately, that has not happened with the new tasks eggs are being asked to perform. As a consequence, the term embryo has been mistakenly applied to all forms of activated eggs, and that is causing rancorous debate. The biology of…