March, 2010. The therapeutic potential of stem cells, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010 365, 155-163, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0149.
Abstract: In recent years, there has been an explosion of interest in stem cells, not just within the scientific and medical communities but also among politicians, religious groups and ethicists. Here, we summarize the different types of stem cells that have been described: their origins in embryonic and adult tissues and their differentiation potential in vivo and in culture. We review some current clinical applications of stem cells, highlighting the problems encountered when going from proof-of-principle in the laboratory to widespread clinical practice. While some of the key genetic and epigenetic factors that determine stem cell proper ties have been identified, there is still much to be learned about how these factors interact. There is a growing realization of the impor tance of environmental factors in regulating stem cell behaviour and this is being explored by imaging stem cells in vivo and recreating artificial niches in vitro. New therapies, based on stem cell transplantation or endogenous stem cells, are emerging areas, as is drug discovery based on patient-specific pluripotent cells and cancer stem cells. What makes stem cell research so exciting is its tremendous potential to benefit human health and the opportunities for interdisciplinary research that it presents.
Authors: Watt, Fiona M. and Driskell, Ryan R.
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April, 2008. Human parthenogenetic blastocysts derived from noninseminated cryopreserved human oocytes, Fertility and Sterility Vol. 89, No. 4, April 2008.
Abstract: Objective: To report on the development of human parthenogenetic blastocysts and an in vitro attachment that was generated from noninseminated cryopreserved human oocytes for the first time. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Department of reproductive medicine in a medical institute in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Patient(s): Five healthy fertile donors. Intervention(s): Artificial activation of noninseminated cryopreserved human oocytes after thawing, parthenote culture, and their in vitro attachment. Main Outcome Measure(s): Survival rate, activation rate, cleavage rate, and blastocyst formation. Result(s): Thirty-six of 38 cryopreserved noninseminated oocytes survived after thawing (survival rate, 94.7%). Thirty-one of 36 oocytes showed one pronucleus (activation rate, 86.1%). Thirty of 31 cleaved (cleavage rate, 96.8%). Five of 30 showed cavitation (blastocyst rate, 16.7%). Conclusion(s): Noninseminated cryopreserved human oocytes showed a high survival rate after thawing. They responded very satisfactorily to artificial activation, which was followed by a high rate of parthenogenetic embryos, which can develop into blastocysts. In the future, these could be a new source for development of human parthe- nogenetic stem cells. (Fertil SterilÒ 2008;89:943–7. Ó2008 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)
Authors: Ester Polak de Fried, M.D.,a Pablo Ross, M.Sc.,b Gisela Zang, M.Sc.,a Andrea Divita, M.D.,a Kerriann
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August, 2007. Human parthenogenetic blastocysts derived from noninseminated cryopreserved human oocytes., Fertility & Sterility - ASRM.
Abstract: Department of Reproductive Medicine, CER Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina. OBJECTIVE: To report on the development of human parthenogenetic blastocysts and an in vitro attachment that was generated from noninseminated cryopreserved human oocytes for the first time. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Department of reproductive medicine in a medical institute in Buenos Aires, Argentina. PATIENT(S): Five healthy fertile donors. INTERVENTION(S): Artificial activation of noninseminated cryopreserved human oocytes after thawing, parthenote culture, and their in vitro attachment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Survival rate, activation rate, cleavage rate, and blastocyst formation. RESULT(S): Thirty-six of 38 cryopreserved noninseminated oocytes survived after thawing (survival rate, 94.7%). Thirty-one of 36 oocytes showed one pronucleus (activation rate, 86.1%). Thirty of 31 cleaved (cleavage rate, 96.8%). Five of 30 showed cavitation (blastocyst rate, 16.7%). CONCLUSION(S): Noninseminated cryopreserved human oocytes showed a high survival rate after thawing. They responded very satisfactorily to artificial activation, which was followed by a high rate of parthenogenetic embryos, which can develop into blastocysts. In the future, these could be a new source for development of human parthenogenetic stem cells. PMID: 17706204 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Authors: Polak de Fried E, Ross P, Zang G, Divita A, Cunniff K, Denaday F, Salamone D, Kiessling A, Cibelli J
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October, 2004. Human Egg Donor Program Resumes...1st in the Nation, Press Release.
Abstract: New funding announced today will allow the Bedford Stem Cell Research Foundation near Boston, Massachusetts, to resume its stem cell research on unfertilized human eggs, the first such program in the United States. The research has been interrupted four times because of lack of funding.
Authors: Bedford Stem Cell Research Foundation, Loch Jones
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September, 2004. What is an Embryo?, Connecticut Law Review, 36: 1051-1092.
Abstract: Most scientific and medical advances are accompanied by new terms to describe the new processes. Unfortunately, that has not happened with the new tasks eggs are being asked to perform. As a consequence, the term embryo has been mistakenly applied to all forms of activated eggs, and that is causing rancorous debate. The biology of reproduction provides natural guidelines for when an egg becomes an embryo. Increased public understanding of eggs and embryos will allow the development of appropriate research guidelines.
Authors: Kiessling A
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August, 2004. Political Science: How Stem Cells Became Hurdle For GOP Campaign --- Issue Crosses Over Party Lines, The Wall Street Journal, A1.
Authors: Davis, B and Regaldo, A
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July, 2004. Overview Brochure, Bedford Stem Cell Research Foundation.
Authors: Bedford Stem Cell Research Foundation
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May, 2004. BSCRF Newsletter Spring 2004, Bedford Stem Cell Research Foundation.
Authors: Bedford Stem Cell Research Foundation
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February, 2004. Evidence of a Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line Derived from a Cloned Blastocyst, Sciencexpress Report, Page 1/ 10.1126/science.1094515.
Authors: Hwang WS, Ryu YJ, Park JH, Park ES, Lee EG, Koo JM, Chun HY, Lee BC, Kang SK, Kim SJ, Ahn C, Hwang
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December, 2003. Spontaneous differentiation of germ cells from human embryonic stem cells in vitro, Human Molecular Genetics, 2004, Vol. 13, No. 7: 727–739.
Authors: Amander T. Clark1,2,3, Megan S. Bodnar1,3, Mark Fox1,2,3, Ryan T. Rodriquez1,3, Michael J. Abeyta1,
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April, 2003. Regulating Human Cloning, .
Abstract: A report on the workshop held March, 2003 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Authors: American Association for the Advancement of Science
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November, 1999. Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Embryoid Bodies Comprising the Three Embryonic.., Molecular Medicine, 6(2): 88-95.
Abstract: Embryonic stem (ES) cells are lines of cells that are isolated from blastocys
Authors: Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor1, Maya Schuldiner2, Dorit Karsenti1, Amir Eden2, Ofra Yanuka2, Michal Amit1,
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October, 1997. HIV-1 in semen: an isolated virus reservoir, The Lancet, Vol 350.
Authors: Byrn R, Zhang D, Eyre R, McGowan K, Kiessling A
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January, 1981. Poly (A)-Oligo (dT) - Stimulated DNA Polymerase Activity in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos, The Journal of Experimental Zoology.
Authors: Kiessling A, Weitlauf HM
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June, 1979. Detection of Reverse Transcriptase Activity in Human Cells, Cancer Research.
Authors: Kiessling A, Goulian M
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June, 1976. A Comparison of the Enzymatic Responses of the DNA Polymerases From Four RNA Tumor Viruses, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.
Authors: Kiessling A, Goulian M
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August, 1944. In Vitro Fertilization and Cleavage of Human Ovarian Eggs, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Authors: Rock J, Menkin MF
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